Before you pull the trigger, make sure you know the law. In the UK, air rifles are widely accessible—but there are strict legal rules about what you can buy, where you can shoot, and how you must store your rifle. Here’s what every UK airgunner should know.
Do You Need a Licence for an Air Rifle?
In most of the UK (England and Wales), you do NOT need a licence for an air rifle if it produces less than 12 ft-lbs (foot-pounds) of muzzle energy for a rifle or 6 ft-lbs for a pistol
However, in Scotland, all air rifles require an Air Weapon Certificate (AWC). Northern Ireland has separate firearm laws and generally requires a licence.
What’s Illegal? Avoid these common offences:
> Owning or using an air rifle over the legal power limits without a Firearm Certificate (FAC)
> Shooting on land without written permission
> Carrying a loaded air rifle in public
> Pointing or using an air rifle in a threatening or reckless manner
Where Can You Legally Shoot? You can shoot your air rifle:
> On your own land (if it’s safe and suitable)
> On private land with written permission
> At approved shooting clubs or ranges
Important: You cannot shoot across public footpaths, roads, or public rights of way—even if they cut across your land.
Back Garden Shooting – Is It Allowed?
Yes, back garden shooting is legal in many parts of the UK, but only if:
> Pellets do not leave your property boundaries
> You have a safe backstop (such as a brick wall or pellet trap)
> There’s no risk or disturbance to neighbours
If a pellet crosses into a neighbour’s property or causes damage, it becomes a criminal offence.
What’s the Legal Age to Use or Own an Air Rifle?
> Under 14: Can shoot under adult supervision on private land with permission
> 14–17: Can own but not purchase; cannot carry in public without adult supervision
> 18 and over: Can legally buy, own, and use air rifles
Transporting Your Air Rifle
When transporting an air rifle:
> It must be unloaded and in a case or cover. See air rifle cases and covers here
> You must have a valid reason (e.g., travelling to shoot on permissioned land)
What Are the Penalties for Breaking the Law?
Breaking UK air rifle laws can lead to:
> Confiscation of your air rifle - at least!
> Criminal prosecution or firearm bans
> Heavy fines or even prison in serious cases
Summary – Stay Legal and Safe
Quick checklist to stay legal:
1) Stick to rifles under 12 ft-lbs
2) Only shoot where you have legal permission
3) Never carry a loaded rifle in public
4) Ensure a safe backstop and keep pellets on your land
5) Store and transport your rifle responsibly
Respecting UK airgun law protects your right to enjoy the sport—and keeps everyone safe.
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